Numerous traditional instruments that have been handed down over the years make up Nepal's rich musical legacy. These musical instruments serve as more than just instruments for playing music, they are an essential part of Nepalese culture, representing the ethnic variety, customs, and ceremonies of the nation.

Nepal's traditional instruments are deeply connected to its cultural practices and are often played during religious ceremonies, festivals, and folk performances. Some of the most prominent traditional instruments are:

Madal: A hand drum that is frequently heard in Nepali traditional music, especially in the countryside. It is played with both hands and has a cylindrical body. It creates rhythmic beats that are vital to Nepali folk tunes, particularly when performed by Dohori artists.
Dholak: A larger-sized, two-headed drum that resembles the Madal, the Dholak is frequently utilized in folk music, religious ceremonies, and festivals, particularly in the Terai region.

Sarangi: Known for their function as a nomadic minstrel, the Gandharva community is frequently linked to the Sarangi, a traditional bowed string instrument. It is constructed from a single wooden block and has a melodious, soulful tone that is reminiscent of Nepali folk music.

Apart from these there are multiple traditional instruments that are used in Nepal such as:

Dhyangro: A frame drum used by shamans, particularly in the Himalayan regions, for spiritual rituals.

Basuri (Flute):  A bamboo flute that is melodically used in classical and folk music.

Jhyali: Cymbals that accompany many folk and classical performances.

Panchai Baja: A set of five traditional instruments including the Damaha, Narsinga, Karnal, Dholak, and Sahanai, typically played during weddings and cultural ceremonies.

Damaha: A large kettle drum, a crucial part of the Panchai Baja ensemble.

Ektaara: A single-stringed instrument commonly used in religious songs and folk music.

Nepali folk instruments are however unique to various ethnic groups and regions, reflecting the cultural diversity of the country. Some notable folk instruments include:

Dhyangro: Used by shamans during spiritual healing and rituals.

Damphu: A drum-like instrument used by the Tamang community, especially during the performance of Tamang Selo songs.

Binayo: A small, mouth harp played by pulling a string attached to a metal or bamboo piece, creating a vibrating sound. It is used by the Limbu community.

The Sarangi is one of the most iconic instruments in Nepal, with its deep, resonant tones used to convey the stories of the Gandharva community. Other traditional instruments like the Basuri (flute) and Jhyali (cymbals) continue to be a part of Nepal's musical traditions, keeping the country’s rich cultural tapestry alive. Instruments like the Dhyangro and Dholak serve religious, social, and cultural purposes, enhancing the vibrancy of Nepali music.